Prevention of maternal bacterial transmission on children's dental-caries-development: 4-year results of a pilot study in a rural-child population

Babies born through cesarean section (C-section) have been found to have a higher risk of developing dental caries (tooth decay) compared to those born vaginally. This increased risk is attributed to the sterile environment of a C-section, which can lead to a different initial microbial exposure for the infant. In vaginal deliveries, babies are exposed to a wide range of beneficial bacteria as they pass through the birth canal, which helps establish a healthier and more diverse microbiome.

A key factor in the development of dental caries in children is the colonization of their mouths by Streptococcus mutans, a type of bacteria known to contribute significantly to tooth decay. The environment created by a C-section may facilitate the colonization of these opportunistic bacteria.

Research indicates that mothers are often the primary source of Streptococcus mutans for their children. The level of these bacteria in children often mirrors that in their mothers, suggesting a direct correlation. Additionally, the transmission of these cariogenic (cavity-causing) bacteria can occur horizontally, meaning they can be passed between siblings and from caregivers to children.

These findings emphasize the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene in both mothers and their children, as well as being aware of the potential increased risk of dental caries in children born via C-section. Regular dental check-ups, proper brushing and flossing habits, and limiting sugar intake are essential preventive measures to reduce the risk of tooth decay in children.